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THE ROLE OF LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS IN VALIDATING TRAIT-BASED APPROACHES TO ACHIEVING MULTIFUNCTIONALITY IN GRASSLANDS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 187-196 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021438

摘要：

Quantifying the relationships between plant functional traits and ecosystem services has been promoted as an approach to achieving multifunctional grassland systems that balance productivity with other regulating, supporting and cultural services. Establishing trade-offs and synergies between traits and services has largely relied on meta-analyses of studies from different systems and environments. This study demonstrated the value of focused studies of long-term experiments in grassland systems that measure traits and services in the same space and time to better understand the ecological constraints underlying these trade-offs and synergies. An analysis is presented that uses data from the Park Grass Experiment at Rothamsted Research on above-ground productivity, species richness and soil organic carbon stocks to quantify the relationships between these three outcomes and the power of variance in plant functional traits in explaining them. There was a trade-off between plots with high productivity, nitrogen inputs and soil organic carbon and plots with high species richness that was explained by a functional gradient of traits that are indicative of contrasting strategies of resource acquisition of resource conservation. Examples were identified of using functional traits to identify opportunities for mitigating these trade-offs and moving toward more multifunctional systems.

关键词： multifunctional grassland systems / Park Grass Experiment / soil organic carbon / ecosystem service    

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我国草地的固碳功能

高树琴,赵霞,方精云

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第1期   页码 73-79 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.01.010

摘要：

本文通过综述当前我国草地碳库的研究成果，并利用1982—2011年的遥感影像，估算出我国草地生态系统碳库约为31.2 PgC，其中96 %储存于土壤中。由于我国草地类型多样，分布地域广阔，造成草地植被碳密度分布的空间异质性很高。内蒙古是草地植被碳库最大的省份，其次是西藏和青海，六大牧区的植被碳库占全国草地植被碳库总量的71 %。然而，我国90 %的天然草地发生不同程度的退化，采取有效的人工管理措施和实施重大的生态建设工程，均对草地碳库的恢复具有明显的作用，说明我国草地有很大的碳汇潜力。

关键词： 草地     植被碳储量     土壤碳储量     草地退化     固碳潜力    

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Graphene-reinforced metal-organic frameworks derived cobalt sulfide/carbon nanocomposites as efficientmultifunctional electrocatalysts

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1487-1499 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2085-3

摘要： Developing cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is vital in energy conversion and storage applications. Herein, we report a simple method for the synthesis of graphene-reinforced CoS/C nanocomposites and the evaluation of their electrocatalytic performance for typical electrocatalytic reactions. Nanocomposites of CoS embedded in N, S co-doped porous carbon and graphene (CoS@C/Graphene) were generated via simultaneous sulfurization and carbonization of one-pot synthesized graphite oxide-ZIF-67 precursors. The obtained CoS@C/Graphene nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and gas sorption. It is found that CoS nanoparticles homogenously dispersed in the in situ formed N, S co-doped porous carbon/graphene matrix. The CoS@C/10Graphene composite not only shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward ORR with high onset potential of 0.89 V, four-electron pathway and superior durability of maintaining 98% of current after continuously running for around 5 h, but also exhibits good performance for OER and HER, due to the improved electrical conductivity, increased catalytic active sites and connectivity between the electrocatalytic active CoS and the carbon matrix. This work offers a new approach for the development of novel multifunctional nanocomposites for the next generation of energy conversion and storage applications.

关键词： MOF derivative     graphene     electrocatalyst     oxygen reduction reaction     oxygen evolution reaction     hydrogen evolution reaction    

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土地利用变化对生态系统碳汇功能影响的综合评价

吴建国,张小全,徐德应

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第9期   页码 65-71

摘要：

在分析了六盘山林区典型生态系统碳循环规律的基础上，结合碳汇/源的概念，综合评价了土地利用 变化对生态系统碳汇功能的影响。分析得出陆地生态系统碳汇/源功能体现在碳库的贮量、稳定性和碳库的输入 与输出强度方面；天然次生林和人工林生态系统的碳贮量汇功能较强，农田和草地较弱；土壤有机碳过程源/汇 方面，天然次生林生态系统是强汇，人工林生态系统是弱汇，草地和农田生态系统是源。提出增加生态系统碳 汇功能的措施包括增加生态系统碳输入、减少输出和增强碳库的稳定性。

关键词： 土地利用变化     土壤有机碳     碳循环     生态系统的碳汇/源    

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SOIL CARBON CHECK: A TOOL FOR MONITORING AND GUIDING SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN FARMER FIELDS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 248-261 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023499

摘要：

● Establishment of a rapid tool for monitoring soil carbon sequestration in farmer fields.

关键词： 4 per 1000 initiative     carbon sequestration     climate action     farmer fields     SDG13     soil organic carbon     soil testing    

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SOIL ORGANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION MATTERS BUT IS NO PANACEA FOR CARBON-NEUTRAL AGRICULTURE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 281-284 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022470

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HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 214-237 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021437

摘要：

To achieve the triple challenge of food security, reversing biodiversity declines plus mitigating and adapting to climate change, there is a drive to embed ecological principles into agricultural, value-chain practices and decision-making. By diversifying cropping systems at several scales there is potential to decrease reliance on inputs, provide resilience to abiotic and biotic stress, enhance plant, microbe and animal biodiversity, and mitigate against climate change. In this review we highlight the research performed in Scotland over the past 5 years into the impact of the use of ecological principles in agriculture on sustainability, resilience and provision of ecosystem functions. We demonstrate that diversification of the system can enhance ecosystem functions. Soil and plant management interventions, including nature-based solutions, can also enhance soil quality and utilization of legacy nutrients. Additionally, this is facilitated by greater reliance on soil biological processes and trophic interactions. We highlight the example of intercropping with legumes to deliver sustainability through ecological principles and use legumes as an exemplar of the innovation. We conclude that there are many effective interventions that can be made to deliver resilient, sustainable, and diverse agroecosystems for crop and food production, and these may be applicable in any agroecosystem.

 

关键词： diversification / ecological principles / legumes / plant management / soil management / soil ecosystem services    

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CHALLENGES PROVIDING MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGED SYSTEMS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 170-176 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022444

摘要：

Since humans started practicing agriculture at the expense of natural forests, 8000 years ago, they have affected atmospheric CO2concentrations. Their impact on atmospheric CH4 started about 5000 years ago, as result of the cultivation of paddy rice. A challenge of modern agricultural practices is to reverse the impact cropping has had on greenhouse gas emissions and the global climate. There is an increasing demand for agriculture to provide food security as well as a range of other ecosystem services. Depending on ecosystem management, different practices may involve trade-offs and synergies, and these must be considered to work toward desirable management systems. Solution toward food security should not only focus on agricultural management practices, but also on strategies to reduce food waste, more socially-just distribution of resources, changes in lifestyle including decarbonization of the economy, as well as reducing human population growth.

关键词： crop diversification / ecosystem services / food security / sustainable cropping systems    

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Functional trait differences between native bunchgrasses and the invasive grass

Huiqin HE, Thomas A. MONACO, Thomas A. JONES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第1期   页码 139-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017175

摘要： We conducted 30- and 60-d greenhouse experiments to compare functional traits of (invasive annual grass) and four perennial bunchgrasses under well-watered or drought conditions. Even under drought, experienced significantly less stress (i.e., higher xylem pressure potential and greater shoot water content, water use per day and water-use efficiency) and biomass production than the perennial grasses after 30 d. However, after 60 d, its superiority was reduced under infrequent watering. Differences among perennial grasses were more pronounced for physiological traits under infrequent watering and for morphological traits under frequent watering. (fast-growing species) had a higher transpiration rate, lower leaf temperature, and lower water-use efficiency than the other grasses after 30 d. In contrast, (slow-growing) had lower xylem pressure potential and higher leaf temperature than all other grasses under infrequent watering. Under frequent watering, shoot dry mass and specific leaf area of was matched by (moderate-growing species). Our results indicate that multiple-species plantings or seedings are necessary to foster greater weed resistance against . We also emphasize that when choosing plant material for restoration, performance during both pulse (resource-rich) and inter-pulse (resource-poor) periods should be considered.

关键词： annual grass     comparative growth     drought response     invasive plant     native grass     specific leaf area     soil-water use    

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Using balance of seasonal herbage supply and demand to inform sustainable grassland management on the

Xinquan ZHAO, Liang ZHAO, Qi LI, Huai CHEN, Huakun ZHOU, Shixiao XU, Quanmin DONG, Gaolin WU, Yixin HE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第1期   页码 1-8 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018203

摘要： To mitigate the impacts of grassland degradation on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP), in recent decades China has been implementing large-scale conservation programs and has invested about 42 billion CNY (7 billion USD). However, these programs are faced with major challenges involving trade-offs between ecological function, livestock production and income of pastoralists. Scientific assessments, as well as technical and policy issues, have not fully captured the complex ecological, social and economic dynamics of the challenges facing grassland management on the QTP. Pastoral livestock production on the QTP is characterized by imbalance in both quality and quantity between livestock seasonal nutrient requirements and herbage production, which forces pastoralists to keep larger numbers of livestock for longer periods, leading to overgrazing. To solve these problems, an integrated crop-livestock system is promoted to improve the efficiency of livestock production and conserve natural grassland as well for a sustainable system for the QTP.

关键词： ecosystem function     grassland degradation     grassland management     integrated rangeland-cropland-livestock production system     Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau    

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Multimedia distribution and health risk assessment of typical organic pollutants in a retired industrialpark

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1742-9

摘要：

● A fine portrayal of organic pollutants in a retired industrial park is provided.

关键词： Organic pollutants     Retired industrial park     Spatial correlation     Health risk assessment    

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ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS IN A SILTY TEXTURED SOIL FOLLOWING REINTEGRATION OF A 20 YEARS OLD × SITE INTO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 183-197 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023485

摘要：

● 0.98 Mg·ha−1·yr−1 Corg accumulation under miscanthus over 26 years.

关键词： biobased energy crops     C balance     humus accumulation    

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MICROBIAL NECROMASS WITHIN AGGREGATES STABILIZES PHYSICALLY-PROTECTED C RESPONSE TO CROPLAND MANAGEMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 198-209 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023498

摘要：

● The contribution of fungal necromass C to SOC increased with aggregate sizes.

关键词： cropland management     microbial necromass     soil aggregates     soil carbon sequestration     soil organic matter    

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Effects of a dynamic membrane formed with polyethylene glycol on the ultrafiltration of natural organic

Boksoon KWON, Noeon PARK, Jaeweon CHO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 172-182 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0002-y

摘要： The formation of a dynamic membrane (DM) was investigated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) (molecular weight of 35000 g/mol, concentration of 1 g/L). Two natural organic matters (NOM), Dongbok Lake NOM (DLNOM) and Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) were used in the ultrafiltration experiments along with PEG. To evaluate the effects of the DM with PEG on ultrafiltration, various transport experiments were conducted, and the analyses of the NOM in the membrane feed and permeate were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography, and the pore size distribution ( PSD) and molecular weight cut off ( MWCO) were determined. The advantages of DM formed with PEG can be summarized as follows: (1) PEG interferes with NOM transmission through the ultrafiltration membrane pores by increasing the retention coefficient of NOM in UF membranes, and (2) low removal of NOM by the DM is affected by external factors, such as pressure increases during UF membrane filtration, which decreases the PSD and MWCO of UF membranes. However, a disadvantage of the DM with PEG was severe flux decline; thus, one must be mindful of both the positive and negative influences of the DM when optimizing the UF performance of the membrane.

关键词： dynamic membrane     natural organic matters     ultrafiltration membrane performance     effective PSD     effective molecular weight cutoff    

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Novel soil quality indicators for the evaluation of agricultural management practices: a biological perspective

Giulia BONGIORNO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 257-274 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020323

摘要：

Developments in soil biology and in methods to characterize soil organic carbon can potentially deliver novel soil quality indicators that can help identify management practices able to sustain soil productivity and environmental resilience. This work aimed at synthesizing results regarding the suitability of a range of soil biological and biochemical properties as novel soil quality indicators for agricultural management. The soil properties, selected through a published literature review, comprised different labile organic carbon fractions [hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), hot water extractable carbon and particulate organic matter carbon], soil disease suppressiveness measured using a - bioassay, nematode communities characterized by amplicon sequencing and qPCR, and microbial community level physiological profiling measured with MicroResp . Prior studies tested the sensitivity of each of the novel indicators to tillage and organic matter addition in ten European long-term field experiments (LTEs) and assessed their relationships with pre-existing soil quality indicators of soil functioning. Here, the results of these previous studies are brought together and interpreted relative to each other and to the broader body of literature on soil quality assessment. Reduced tillage increased carbon availability, disease suppressiveness, nematode richness and diversity, the stability and maturity of the food web, and microbial activity and functional diversity. Organic matter addition played a weaker role in enhancing soil quality, possibly due to the range of composition of the organic matter inputs used in the LTEs. POXC was the indicator that discriminated best between soil management practices, followed by nematode indices based on functional characteristics. Structural equation modeling shows that POXC has a central role in nutrient retention/supply, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, erosion control and disease regulation/suppression. The novel indicators proposed here have great potential to improve existing soil quality assessment schemes. Their feasibility of application is discussed and needs for future research are outlined.

关键词： labile carbon     long-term field experiments     organic matter addition     soil biological indicators     tillage    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

THE ROLE OF LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS IN VALIDATING TRAIT-BASED APPROACHES TO ACHIEVING MULTIFUNCTIONALITY IN GRASSLANDS

期刊论文

我国草地的固碳功能

高树琴,赵霞,方精云

期刊论文

Graphene-reinforced metal-organic frameworks derived cobalt sulfide/carbon nanocomposites as efficientmultifunctional electrocatalysts

期刊论文

土地利用变化对生态系统碳汇功能影响的综合评价

吴建国,张小全,徐德应

期刊论文

SOIL CARBON CHECK: A TOOL FOR MONITORING AND GUIDING SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN FARMER FIELDS

期刊论文

SOIL ORGANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION MATTERS BUT IS NO PANACEA FOR CARBON-NEUTRAL AGRICULTURE

期刊论文

HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS FOR

期刊论文

CHALLENGES PROVIDING MULTIPLE ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGED SYSTEMS

期刊论文

Functional trait differences between native bunchgrasses and the invasive grass

Huiqin HE, Thomas A. MONACO, Thomas A. JONES

期刊论文

Using balance of seasonal herbage supply and demand to inform sustainable grassland management on the

Xinquan ZHAO, Liang ZHAO, Qi LI, Huai CHEN, Huakun ZHOU, Shixiao XU, Quanmin DONG, Gaolin WU, Yixin HE

期刊论文

Multimedia distribution and health risk assessment of typical organic pollutants in a retired industrialpark

期刊论文

ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS IN A SILTY TEXTURED SOIL FOLLOWING REINTEGRATION OF A 20 YEARS OLD × SITE INTO

期刊论文

MICROBIAL NECROMASS WITHIN AGGREGATES STABILIZES PHYSICALLY-PROTECTED C RESPONSE TO CROPLAND MANAGEMENT

期刊论文

Effects of a dynamic membrane formed with polyethylene glycol on the ultrafiltration of natural organic

Boksoon KWON, Noeon PARK, Jaeweon CHO,

期刊论文

Novel soil quality indicators for the evaluation of agricultural management practices: a biological perspective

Giulia BONGIORNO

期刊论文